Outline and Evaluate the Use of One Qualitative Method

Outline and evaluate the subprogram of whizz soft mode in the academic subject area of sport Denzin and capital of Nebraska (2000a) call up that qualitative enquiry is guided by 3 principles assumptions, value and beliefs. These work a seest, along attitude or deep down positivist and post-positivist models. Quantitative search is the use of numerical measurements and analysis that involves measur subject quantities by Gratton and Jones (2004). Quantitative information is collected through closed interrogations as it is in pasture to stand facts.While qualitative entropy, on the new(prenominal) hand, predominantly uses wanton styled questions to gull much information through follow up questions, extensive answers and debates. There argon many differences between the two paradigms with the look intoer macrocosm objective, and detached from the overthrow under investigation deep down quantitative entropy said by Gratton and Jones (2004). further, qualitative re search is rather the opposite, with the researcher being in place to call for to a greater extent information from the participants in question.In addition to the previous, Morse, Swanson and Kuezel (2001) suppose a quantitative research requires the researcher to carefull define variables that may be quantified with numbers. On the other hand, qualitative research is a more holistic perspective rather than a hypothesis confirmation. Berg and Latin (2008) believe qualitative research allows an open-ended and flexible approach to assessment. inside the qualitative paradigm in that location are several different selective information accretion methods such as open questionnaires, interviews, observation, visual and textual analysis.I will be knocked out(p)lining and evaluating the use of interviews inside the academic study of sport this will be focus oned mainly on focus crowds. Culver (2003) states that interviews are undoubtedly the most common method for collecting qualitat ive data within the study of sport. Pettigrew (1990) and Pettus (2001) to a fault state interviews offer a depth of information that permits the comminuted exploration of token issues in a way not practical with other forms of data collection.Within this type of research method there are 4 different types of interviews structured, semi-structured, unstructured and focus theme. Structured interviews are face-to-face (researcher & participant), consist of closed and pre-determined questions in addition to the structure being formal. Semi-structured interviews stomach be altered so that the participant(s) in question plenty ether clarify or elaborate on a fussy topic/statement. The approach to data collection is flexible, with probes being used to gather additional information.Unstructured interviews have a set theme with the respondent imparting(p) the interview. The questions are developed throughout, as they are not pre-determined. These questions are open and flexible. A n egative point to this interview structure is that theres a chance the interview will lack focus. instruction groups lam towards being semi-structured with a discussion thesis being used within an open environment focus groups consist of more than one person. rear Amis (2005) believes focus groups allow members to quarrel each other, develop positions of consensus, and build on each others ideas.In addition to this previous statement, Gratton and Jones (2004) believe that this heap become a negative point if the researcher doesnt apply the participants on topic, stating that participants may be tempted to provide false data to nominate an impression upon others in the group. This can be potentially avoided if you use either a random, or stratified random sample which has a divided population. Furthermore these participants wont know one another. Within focus groups there is a large quantity of strengths participants are able to elaborate on the particular subject(s) especially when the researcher uses probes.In conjunction to this Yin (1994) notes that the interviewer provides perceive casual inferences from the actors, rather than the researchers point of view. As a focus group is generally unstructured or semi-structured it enables participants to set off authorized insight into their attitudes and behaviours in addition to important themes and unexpected data to emerge, Gratton and Jones (2010). Focus groups are more flexible as you can also gain visual and vocal information for example body language, laughter, placidity or careful consideration, their tone of voice, or even simply what particular participants are saying.This can lead to the researcher probing as certain participants will be more passionate about certain themes/topics. Moreover you are able to gain a relationship with your participants, which can lead to them being more open and true to the information they give within the group. In conjunction with this, participants are informed that everything discussed is kept confidential, wherefore this will relax and ease participants so theyre able to engage fully within the discussions. Interviews require more resources in comparison to questionnaires.This could be in terms of time consumption or travelling, as a egress resulting samples can be small, Gratton and Jones (2010). Particular participants could take control of the interview therefore becoming dominant researchers must then put particular probes into suffice ensuring other group members get involved to gain a more diverse collection of data. On the other hand, participants could find focus group environments intimidating and/or off-putting which can lead to the participant(s) in question feeling under pressure to agree with the dominant participant. Evaluedonline) Analysing data can also be difficult in addition to recording the interview. commode Amis (2005) states that it is irrespective of the type of interview, that the way data is recorded should be found prior and it is standard procedure to record the interview on sound tape. The researcher must also ensure that the data gathered is reliable. Gratton and Jones (2004) believe that this can be represented with the equation reliability = number of agreements/(number of agreements + disagreements).psychological Qualities of selected Adolescent Rugby Players is a research study extension on Holland and colleagues (2010) study into required mental qualities of young talented rugby players, Woodcock et al (2011). Focus groups were completed following Kruger and Caseys (2000) recommended size of 6 to 8 participants, ensuring that you dont exceed 10. One group broke this rule of thumb with 2 participants participating within SAS (Sports Administration Staff), which could hinder studied data with the chance of agreement being likely and information being limited.Stewart, Shamdasani, and shrink from (2007) warn that fewer than eight participants can lead to a contract discussi on biased toward the views of a few individuals. Focus groups were held in acquainted(predicate) and comforting environments in addition to neutral locations for parents, which was in place to nonplus participants feel more at ease. The focus group was semi-structured with the moderator using probes to gain a more in-depth insight into their views and beliefs. Furthermore the moderator gained a relationship with the participants on entry so that theyd feel comfortable along with this method aiding them to participate within group discussions.Through using focus groups Woodcock et al (2011) founded 5 new subgroups within the 11 higher order themes identified by young players in Holland et al, (2010). These 5 subthemes were off pitch communication, reflection on their abilities in an objective manner, taking information and reproducing it as a visible action, dealing with injuries as well as attitude towards injuries and that players need to be problem solvers, able to adapt and ov ercome challenges.Parents and coaches supported development of individuals, not just in their rugby involvement but within other areas of life. Furthermore they discussed interactions that reinforced development within professional and performance environments. SAS highlighted within the study that the under-16 rugby programme was designed specifically to gradually challenge players and foster development of certain psychological qualities Woodcock et al (2011). This focus group helped gain further knowledge and insight within the psychological side of elite adolescent rugby players.Furthermore the ways in which parents, coaches and the SAS develop these players psychological in general day to day environments. A large bulk of the research gathered corresponds Holland and colleagues (2010) study. Gender perception of Wrestling is a movement study in place to gain research on whether or not grappling hook is a sport primarily for male athletes. This focus group consist of eight part icipants from both grammatical genders (stratified random sample), which was also semi-structured.Sports managers and administrators for wrestling are presented with the opportunity to encourage women to take part. For this to take place sports managers and/or administrators need to understand how women perceive the sport. Pfister, (2010) and Ward, (2010) state that there is a development number of women participating in sports with some women competing successfully in traditionally masculine sports. selective information collected from the focus group was substantial, with views from each gender being different this therefore made the study stand out more due to its hypothesis.The focus group underlined that they perceived wrestling to be more violent than other sports such as judo and taekwondo as self-defence wasnt an explicit objective, Leng (2012). Participants also reviewed the bodily attributes of a wrestler, as of this they understandably stated wrestling was a sport for at hletes who possess more physical attributes. Moreover, participants didnt regard wrestling as a sport favouring the interlocking of a particular gender.To conclude this case study qualitative data collected via participants within the focus group were views which outlined gender beliefs. It is run to see that focus groups are irreplaceable when accumulating qualitative research data within the academic study of sport. Gibbs (1997) states that the purpose of focus group research is to draw upon respondents attitudes, feelings, beliefs, experiences and reactions. Focus groups gather a whole source of information that cannot be obtained without debates and different views.When structured correctly the researcher is able to gain rich data that he can then press out front to ether make changes or put different methods in practice. Focus groups are best used when gaining data on something meaningful to the participants and/or collecting data for something that affects a large majority of people. Something else gathered from this is that when the moderator/research gains a relationship with the participant it is easier to gain more in-depth information. Bibliography Andrews, D. L. , Mason, D.S. and Silk, M. L. (2005) Qualitative Data in Sports Studies. New York Berg. Berg, K. E and Latin, R. W. (2008) question Methods in Health, Physical Education, workout Science, and Research (3rd Edition). Baltimore, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Gratton, C. and Jones, I. (2004) Research Methods of Sports Studies (1st Edition). London Routledge. Gratton, C. and Jones, I (2006) Research Methods of Sports Studies (2nd Edition). Oxon Routledge. Woodcock, C. , Holland, M. J. G. , Duda, J. L, and Cumming, J. 2011) Psychological Qualities of Elite Adolescent Rugby Players Parents, Coaches, and Sport Administration Staff Perceptions and keep Roles. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 411-433. Leng, H. K. Kang, S. Y. Lim, C. Lit, J. J. Suhaimi, N. I. Umar, Y. (2012) Only For Males Gendered Perception of Wrestling. Choregia, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p43. Gibbs, A. (1997) Social Research Update, Issue 19 online. Available http//sru. soc. surrey. ac. uk/SRU19. html 8th November 2012 Evalued (2006) Focus Groups online. Available http//www. evalued. bcu. ac. uk/tutorial/4b. htm 8th November 2012